Alberto Fernández presentó ayer el proyecto de ley de Reforma de la Justicia, que impulsa la unificación y duplicación de los juzgados federales y la designación de un consejo de expertos para que asesore al Poder Ejecutivo.
La reforma judicial que presentó el Gobierno hace énfasis en el reordenamiento y en la ampliación de la justicia federal en todo el país y crea un Consejo Consultivo de juristas, transfiere la competencia penal a la Ciudad de Buenos Aires y fija una serie de «reglas de actuación» para los magistrados federales.
Justicia Federal Penal
Se fusionan los 12 juzgados penales federales con los 11 en lo penal económico y se duplican para llegar a 46 tribunales en el nuevo esquema de la Justicia Federal Penal, que estará ubicada en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Los juzgados ya existentes conservarán una de las dos secretarías que hoy tienen y la sobrante se asignará a uno de los nuevos juzgados.
Nuevos magistrados
Se aplicará un sistema de subrogancias para ocupar los nuevos juzgados con intervención de la Cámara Nacional de Casación en lo Criminal y Correccional, el Consejo de la Magistratura y el Senado de la Nación.
Juicios en curso
El presidente Alberto Fernández aclaró que «la conformación de esta nueva estructura judicial, en nada afecta el principio del juez natural: la totalidad de las investigaciones y juicios en curso quedarán bajo la jurisdicción de los jueces, juezas o tribunales orales que actualmente las estén tramitando».
Nuevos juzgados, fiscalías y defensorías
El proyecto propondrá la unificación de las cámaras de apelaciones y la ampliación del sistema de justicia con la creación de nuevos tribunales orales, fiscalías y defensorías. Los concursos que realice el Consejo de la Magistratura para cubrir las nuevas vacantes se deberán realizar por prueba de oposición oral y pública, con todo el proceso registrado con imagen y sonido para su difusión.
Transferencia de la competencia penal a la Ciudad
La iniciativa del Ejecutivo propone transferir a la Ciudad de Buenos Aires la competencia para investigar y juzgar la totalidad de los delitos no federales cometidos en su territorio y así completar la cesión de facultades penales aún pendiente.
Fusión de fuero Civil y Comercial con el Contencioso Administrativo
Para evitar los conflictos de competencia que demoran los trámites judiciales, el proyecto de ley que el Gobierno enviará al Congreso prevé la fusión del fuero Civil y Comercial Federal con el Contencioso Administrativo.
Fortalecimiento de la justicia en todo el país
El plan para fortalecer la justicia federal en todo el país tomó la iniciativa presentada por el gobierno de Mauricio Macri, en el marco del programa «Justicia 2020», considerando los 114 proyectos de ley que proponían la creación de juzgados federales desde el año 2008. Junto a los nuevos juzgados federales, en paralelo, el Gobierno impulsará la implementación gradual en todo el territorio del Código Procesal Penal Federal.
-Consejo Consultivo
La propuesta de ley crea el Consejo Consultivo para el Fortalecimiento del Poder Judicial y del Ministerio Público, integrado por once juristas de diversos campos del derecho con antecedentes y prestigio para, en palabras del Presidente, «repensar el funcionamiento de nuestro Poder Judicial y de nuestro Ministerio Público» y hacer propuestas.
-Pautas para jueces.
El Poder Ejecutivo girará al Congreso para su discusión, la siguientes pautas de actuación para los jueces federales:
A. Mantener un trato equivalente con las partes, sus representantes y abogados.
B. Evitar comportamientos que indiquen favoritismo, predisposición o prejuicio respecto de cualquiera de las partes.
C. Garantizar que las personas reciban un trato digno e igualitario.
D. Ejercer sus funciones libres de interferencias.
E. Comunicar al Consejo de la Magistratura de la Nación cualquier intento de influencia en sus decisiones por parte de poderes políticos o económicos, miembros del Poder Judicial, Ejecutivo o Legislativo, amistades o grupos de presión de cualquier índole, y solicitar las medidas necesarias para su resguardo.
F. Evitar que el clamor público y el miedo a la crítica incidan en sus decisiones, y en ningún caso deberán actuar en base a consideraciones de popularidad, notoriedad u otras motivaciones impropias.
G. Evitar valerse del cargo para promover o defender intereses privados, transmitir ni permitir que otros transmitan la impresión de que se hallan en una posición especial para influenciar.
Fuente: Télam
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